Ocd Symptoms, And Ocd Cognition - 1024 Words

Many OCD symptoms are represented by at least four to five symptom dimensions. This experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between OCD symptoms, and OCD cognition. They did so, by using the â€Å"Gold Standard† clinician-administrate red scale for OCD the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOSC). I will be using information from the results portion of their experiment. ï  ¶ dication and 46.2 % had received a behavioral intervention for their OCD in the past. Results of the OBQ cognitive domains indicated that participants had an average score of 73.0 (SD = 24.5) for perfectionism/intolerance of uncertainty, 67.9 (SD = 25.5) for responsibility/threat estimation, and 40.2 (SD = 19.1) for importance/ control of thoughts. ï  ¶ The specified YBOCS-SC categories that were subjected to PCA yielded five components explaining 64.9 % of the variance. The five components were: (1) hoarding, (2) contamination/cleaning, (3) symmetry/ordering, (4) unacceptable/taboo thoughts (consisting of impulsive aggressive, sexual and religious obsessions and mental rituals), and (5) Doubt/checking (consisting of unintentional harm obsessions and checking compulsions). I will be incorporating several pieces of information, from the peer reviewed article â€Å"Obsessive -Compulsive Disorder†. This articles shares information on how to determine whether or not you have OCD or can you get it later on in life. The cognitive behavioral model used as stated in the article, made way for the success ofShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Outcomes Study ( OCD )885 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluates the quality of life of those people with OCD in the previous months when the study was carried out. It consisted of 36 questions, which were grouped into eight domains such as role-emotional, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, mental health, role physical, vitality, and of course social functioning as well. Nevertheless, the lower scores indicated poorer quality of life. The Y-BOCS was used to evaluate the severity of OCD symptoms. However, it provides two different scores. TheRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder1678 Wo rds   |  7 PagesAbstract This case conceptualization of Francis discusses the principles of the cognitive behavioral theory that are based on the belief that learning, cognitions, and perceptions play a significant role in the development and maintenance of emotional and behavioral problems. Various CBT models are applied to the diagnostic determinants of Francis’ dysfunctional behavior and the empirically supported methods of cognitive behavioral treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder are used to build a treatmentRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )2838 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can have severe impacts on the functionality of one’s life (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). An overview of OCD includes the various dimensions of the disorder, the diagnostic criteria, and the range of onset and how the beliefs and compulsions cause a vicious cycle. The aetiology of this disorder from the cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT] perspective is investigated and the strengths and weaknesses areRead MoreCase Study : Anxiety Disorders857 Words   |  4 Pagesa panic attack. Symptoms: Heart Racing, Hands Shaking, Shortness of Breath, Cold Sweat This client currently exhibits / experiences four of the thirteen symptoms of a panic attack as defined by the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The brief case study did not address how long or how often the client had been experiencing the symptoms. To accurately diagnosis a person with Panic Attack Disorder it is necessary for the individual to have experienced physical symptoms along with the oneRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1576 Words   |  7 Pagesto their dormant lifestyle. Adults are the main targets of psychological conditions because they have a very active lifestyle, are fully developed, and have many responsibilities that they are required to accomplish. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or OCD is one of the most common psychological diseases that affect most adults. This disorder is often characterized by thoughts that are intrusive, leading to constant worry, anxiety, and obsession. The affect adult will exhibit behaviors that are repetitiveR ead MoreFactors That Make Up Obsessive Compulsive Disorder1726 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide anxiety or distress are considered an obsession. While repetitive unwanted behaviors are a compulsion. Together these two words are contributing factors that make up Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The American Psychiatric Association constitutes â€Å"OCD as an anxiety disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions)† (Dougherty, Wilhelm, Jenike, 2014, p. 432). In action the thought isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lila And Eve Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesIn the midst of a gang war over turf Lila s oldest son Stephen was killed walking home, he was at the wrong place at the wrong time. At first Lila was in denial, then she felt guilty then after the guilt she was angry. These are some of the basic symptoms of grief. It was not until she met â€Å"Eve† that she started to actually come to terms with her son Stephens’s death. One of the main reasons for her anger was that the police officers that was overseeing her case seemed not to care. To them StephenRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) Essay2346 Words   |  10 PagesStrengths and Weaknesses in Aetiology and Treatment of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) By using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) individuals are able to be diagnosed and treated for many anxiety disorders, one of which is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is an anxiety disorder associated with invasive thoughts, impulses and urges which can cause severe anxiety for an individual. These obsessive thoughts can then cause the individual to actRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lila And Eve Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthe midst of a gang war over turf Lila s oldest son Stephen was killed walking home, he was at the wrong place at the wrong time. At first Lila was in denile, then she felt guilty then after the guilt she was angry. These are some of the basic symptoms of grief. It was not until she met â€Å"Eve† that she started to actually come to terms with her son Stephens death. One of the main reasons for her anger was that the police officers that was overseeing her case seemed not to care. To them StephenRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical

Synergetic Solutions Report Essay - 1037 Words

Synergetic Solutions Report Virginia Grant COM/530 October 3, 2011 Professor Michael Ballif Synergetic Solutions Report This internal report will discuss the upcoming changes within Synergetic Solution, it will cover internal and external forces of change as well as factors that leaders need to consider when implementing change strategies. It will describe change models and the communication necessary to implement changes, following an examination of at least five resistance types . Finally, it will examine which of these types of resistance leaders are likely to experience and strategies to manage each resistance. Synergetic Solutions faced several forces of change starting with the main external forces of change in technology.†¦show more content†¦According to Robbins and Judge (2011), it discusses the different types of resistance to change that employers can expect to face when dealing with change. When identifying the types of resistance to change it is important to know that when change begins to happen it is natural for people to start speculating on the outcome or upcoming events, which can lead to employees being resist to the idea of change or fearing the unknown. The fear of the unknown is something that could be expected to see at Synergetic, in addition habit is something that is sure to be seen throughout the change process. Employees throughout the company, with the exception of a selected few, had limited skills and none had certifications when the project first started. Therefore; realizing that everything you have come to know change and the pressure of learning a new skill can be extremely stressful if the employee is not fully educated as how the changes will affect their day to day routine. Selective information processing is another type of resistance, which means exactly what it says, the individual only processes the information that they deem relevant to them and anything else is not heard or retained. The threat to established power relationships is another resistance that is bound to happen within any organization where decision-making authorities are redistributed throughout the organization. Economic factors are a form of resistance to change,Show MoreRelatedSynergetic Solutions Report1180 Words   |  5 PagesSynergetic Solutions Report Communications for Accountants COM/530 Synergetic Solutions Report Synergetic Solutions has grasped the reality that change is inevitable. Implementing change however is not as simple as recognizing the need for change. Synergetic Solutions understands the internal and external factors that have required a change to take place, and desire to improve operations but implementing the change can be difficult when met with resistance. Employees and leaders alike mustRead MoreManaging Change2676 Words   |  11 Pagesfor Success  ¡V A set of customer requirements will help Synergetic Solutions Inc. determine what it will take to succeed in the computer network marketplace. This includes not only the actual product or service needs, but also requirements like speed of delivery, customization capability, level of quality, need for innovation, level of customer service, etc. „X Business Imperatives  ¡V Business imperatives outline what Synergetic Solutions Inc. must do to strategically to be successful, given itsRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Nationstar Mortgage Business Operations976 Words   |  4 Pagesportfolio in excess of $453 billion and serve over 2.7 million customers. 2. Nationstar operates an integrated loan origination platform and are licensed to originate residential mortgage loans in 49 states and D.C. 3. Technology and data enhanced solutions to the real estate market and companies engaged in the origination and/or servicing of mortgage loans. Loan Origination is very small segment of company. It’s around only 2% of Nationstar’s total revenue. The purpose of this paper is to point outRead MoreThe Fifth Discipline By Senge Points1572 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of articles The part two of the book The fifth discipline wrote by Senge points out eleven laws of the fifth discipline which include: Today s problems come from yesterday s solutions - it means people usually unable to detect their solutions just move the problem to another part of the system, so they think they have been solved the problem but it still appear in other part of the system. The harder you push, the harder the system pushes back - this is called compensating feedbackRead MoreZeolitic Imidazolate Lab Report1130 Words   |  5 Pages[34]. In different studies, nanosized ZIF-8 (200 nm, 80 nm) incorporated RO polyamide nanocomposite membranes (particle addition in organic phase) demonstrate increased permeability at no expense of rejecting at same particle loading [34,35]ââ€" . A report on the ZIF-8 TFN membranes introduces a new TFN synthesis method named as â€Å"evaporation-controlled filler positioning (EFP)† [36]ââ€" Ã¢â€" . To pre-positioning the particles at the aqueous/organic interface during the polymerization reaction, first, particleRead MoreThe New Meaning Of Educational Change Essay1898 Words   |  8 Pagesfactor for their engagement. This means the school waste resources and teachers teach to vessels that are not learning. This impacts not only the student but the school budget. If these student’s tests, it may even significantly impact the school’s report card for how they are competing for dollars in State Budget for their school. Motivated students cost less and are part of the production of positive growth for schools, Murray, 2011; Pintrich, 2003; Ryan Deci, 2000 (Usher Kober, 2012). AccordingRead MoreOverpopulation And Family Planning1840 Words   |  8 Pagesworld s ability to feed itself† (Kuo 23). Since it is clear now that overpopulation is causing environmental strain on the world, due to the lack of resources to support as this many humans, it is necessary to look at solutions. Some scholars propose the concept that the synergetic effect of the combination of the contraceptive mentality with overpopulation hysteria may be decreased if one begins to pinpoint the real overpopulation issue – recognizing the underlying this issue, or more specificallyRead MoreThe Realm Of Organizational Change And Development Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesshe failed to do her accurately depict a realistic format for each regional business sector to follow. Part of the issue with her plan is that not every region is able to be priced at the same level so some regions may more susceptible to having to report to her more often based on the pricing climate their located in. Along with her standardization of the financing department she failed to effectively display her new ideas to the employees within the organization. As an employee it would be very frustratingRead MoreCloud Services For Synergetic Web Based Project Management System2806 Words   |  12 PagesCloud Serv ices for Synergetic Web Based Project Management System Introduction: The paper deals with the current use of Project management in the software applications. Project management is the science (and art) of organizing the components of a project, whether the development of a new product or the launch of a new service. It is not something that’s a part of normal business operations. A project consumes resources and it has funding limits. Lehner (2010) stated that project knowledge managementRead MoreStrategic Management of Technological Innovation by Melissa Schilling2918 Words   |  12 Pagesof Groupon’s strategies of innovation, highlighting their proactive approach in providing an interactive and synergetic online network with both their merchants and customers. Utilizing the schema set forth in Strategic Management of Technological Innovation by Melissa Schilling and extensive information collected from various resources including the Groupon company website, news reports and personal experience of the author, the present study will outline the steps that led to the success of Groupon

Ethics Free Essays

ROLE OF ETHICS IN BUSINESS: Ethics Defined: Ethics are principles based on doing the right thing. They are the moral values by which an individual or business operates. In theory, a business or individual can act ethically and still attain ultimate success. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now A history of doing the right thing can be used as a selling point to heighten a person’s or organization’s reputation in the community. Not only are ethics morally valued, they are backed by legal repercussions for failure to act within certain guidelines. Finance Manager Ethics: The ethics of a finance manager should be above approach. This includes more than just acting in an honest, above-board manner. It means establishing boundaries that prevent professional and personal interests from appearing to conflict with the interest of the employer. A finance manager must provide competent, accurate and timely information that fairly presents any potential disclosure issues, such as legal ramifications. The manager is also ethically responsible for protecting the confidentiality of the employer and staying within the boundaries of law. Importance Of Ethics: Businesses have to meet economic expectations, they also have ethical responsibilities. Everyone, from the bottom to the top of the organizational chart, must take care to meet these responsibilities. According to Dr. Jill Young, integrity is the most important ethical concept because it covers such a broad area. â€Å"If you act with integrity, ethical behavior is just a natural progression,† she says. â€Å"Those who have integrity are guided by a set of core principles that influences their decisions and behaviors. † What Role Should Ethics Play In Business? Ethics are based on both individual beliefs and standards in society. They vary from person to person, situation to situation, and culture to culture. Society’s ethics are usually minimum standards for decency and respect of others. Individual ethics are personal beliefs about what is good and bad. Business ethics are tied to both society’s ethics and the ethics of the individuals who work for, and buy products from, the company. A Code of Ethics: Businesses face ethical questions every day concerning the products or services they sell and the way they deal with people inside and outside the company. Many companies choose to operate according to a code of ethics—a document that explains specifically how employees should respond in different situations. A code of ethics is especially useful when problems arise. For example: In the Chicago area in 1982, someone contaminated several bottles of Tylenol with poison, and seven people died as a result. This was the first case of product tampering of its kind. Johnson Johnson, the manufacturer of Tylenol, followed its code of ethics and immediately pulled every package of the product off the shelves throughout North America, even though this was very expensive for the company. Johnson Johnson also changed its packaging so it would be much more difficult for someone to contaminate the product in the future. The recall and repackaging effort cost the corporation about US$100 million, but it also showed customers that the company cared about their safety. A code of ethics helps different people approach problems in the same way. Many companies have gone beyond simply writing a code and have established educational programs to help employees learn to behave more ethically. Program topics range from making personal calls during business hours to handling employee layoffs. The problem with creating and applying a code of ethics is that drawing a line between right and wrong isn’t always easy. In Canada, the law details acceptable business behavior, but companies can still behave unethically without actually breaking the law. Like the law, no code of ethics can provide guidance for every possible situation. Although codes of ethics sometimes help people make decisions, they are not conclusive guides to distinguishing between right and wrong, and they are not necessary for every company. As a result, some would say that people should rely on their own judgment first. Principles of Admirable Business Ethics: 1. Be Trustful:  Recognize customers want to do business with a company they can trust; when trust is at the core of a company, it’s easy to recognize. Trust defined, is assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, and truth of a business. 2. Keep An Open Mind:  For continuous improvement of a company, the leader of an organization must be open to new ideas. Ask for opinions and feedback from both customers and team members and the company will continue to grow. 3. Meet Obligations:  Regardless of the circumstances, do everything in power to gain the trust of past customer’s and clients, particularly if something has gone awry. Reclaim any lost business by honoring all commitments and obligations. 4. Have Clear Documents:  Re-evaluate all print materials including small business advertising, brochures, and other business documents making sure they are clear, precise and professional. Most important, make sure they do not misrepresent or misinterpret. 5. Become Community Involved:  Remain involved in community-related issues and activities. 6. Maintain Accounting Control:  Take a hands-on approach to accounting and record keeping, not only as a means of gaining a better feel for the progress of company, but as a resource for any â€Å"questionable † activities. Gaining control of accounting and record keeping allows to end any dubious activities promptly. 7. Be Respectful:  Treat others with the utmost of respect. Regardless of differences, positions, titles, ages, or other types of distinctions, always treat others with professional respect and courtesy. | â€Å"We must, therefore, consider the right way of performing actions, for it is acts, as we have said, that determine the character of the resulting moral states †¦ † (Aristotle)| How to cite Ethics, Essay examples Ethics Free Essays string(207) " one third of the physicians had answered to the question, â€Å"Is it acceptable to become involved romantic or sexual relationship with a patient\? In Medicare’s 2012 ethics survey \(Reese, 2012\)\." Table of Contents Therapeutic Patient Relationships Overview Since the sass, ethics has been incorporated into virtually every aspect of the health care system. Because of such a small time window, the study of ethics in a medical perspective continues to change and improve for the benefit of the patient. Studies of doctor-patient relationships Indicate the need of greater ethical study and intervention. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Studies show that although many physicians are aware that a romantic r sexual relationship Is unethical, as many as nine percent believe that the ethics depends on the situation (Reese, 2012). Often, an abuse in the doctor-patient relationship does not occur because of a lack in educational skills. Rather, abuse in the doctor/patient is attributed to flaws, or loopholes, in the rules of ethics and law (Subplots et al, 2010). Continued research of the most recent ethical framework can begin lowering any chance of unprofessional. In order to have a successful patient relationship, a physician must understand and respect the barriers in place. This session will take a look at ethics. Participants will assess their own ethical principles and apply the concepts they’ve learned to problems in ethical communication and/or conduct in the workplace. Behavioral Objectives Intended to inform the physician on the definition of ethics Clarify the nature of the ethical responsibilities held in common by current and prospective physicians. Identifies ethical considerations relevant to physicians Recognize different situations containing unethical conduct. Gain the knowledge on how to respond to in situations that require ethical decision-making. Apply the incept of good ethical behavior in their current practice. Outline of Training Session I. Introduction:What is ethics? Ethics refers to a framework of discipline from a branch of philosophy, in which ideas of right and wrong, virtue and vice, and good and evil, are all examined systematically (salvoes Meyer, 1990). II. Components of Ethics Participants will know basic history, definition, and examples of ethics. A. Ethical Framework – before we can manage ethical dilemmas in the health care setting, we must understand examples of ethical principle, as well as our own, to avoid any conflict of interest. . Self-Assessment Culture Values Beliefs Ideas 2. Continuous Regulation Self-control Trustworthiness Professionalism Education Intervention B. Understand the Significance of Ethics 1. Factors That Improve Ethical Conduct a. Public view c. School curriculum d. Government regulations 2. Factors That Require Ethical Behavior a. Provide company guideline for ethical behavior b. Teach the company’s guidelines importance c. Describe punishments for unethical conduct C. Review Examples of Unethical/Ethical Conduct IV. Class Activity – Ethics Assessment V. Effectively practice effective ethical communication A. Understand the needs of the recipient D. Ensuring the message considers the common good E. Continue to interpret for conflicts of interest F. Consider the consequences of each message 1. Is this message mutually valuable? 2. Is this message violating confidentiality of another person? Is this message questionable to your professionalism? . VI. Class Discussion VII Summary of Training Session VIII Conclusion Literature Review: Where the Patient Relationship Ends Dry A, a 49 year-old gynecologist, was treating a 36 year-old female patient, Ms B, for chronic vaginal yeast infections. He described her as being seductive during the husband. Dry A found himself feeling very sympathetic towards her and began scheduling longer patient appointments so he could provide some therapy for her as well as assessing and treating the vaginal complaints for which she ostensibly saw him. He would hold her hand while she talked about her difficult situation at home. This decent down the ‘slippery slope’ progressed into hugging, and then kissing at the end of the session. He recognized that he was feeling lonely and not having regular sexual relations with his wife. Dry A even noted that his wife was inorganic as though her condition was in some way an excuse to progress to a sexual relation with the patient) (Gabbed Hobby, 2012). The first time that Dry A and Ms B had sexual relations was after hours in his office. This sexual encounter consisted of mutual oral sex. The meetings were set up during appointments in the office, usually at the end of the day. He finally ended these contacts when he felt the encounters were no longer gratifying to him. In addition, he was worried about being caught and that others would not understand his reasons for departing from the usual procedures (Gabbed Hobby, 2012). Following the filing of a complaint by the patient, Dry A was sent for evaluation. When asked directly he thought he had harmed the patient, Dry A responded that he felt he had actually helped her by his sexual involvement with her (Gabbed Hobby, 2012). Introduction This physician, Dry A, failed to recognize the unethical conduct he was committing in the obvious power differential with the patient, Ms B. Dry A failed to recognize that a patient is paying for his expertise for the treatment of a disease or ailment, and not a relationship of conscious feelings. If Dry A had greater understanding regarding the ethical principle of the doctor/patient relationship, Dry A may have been able to make a more rational decision so this situation never occurred; likewise, if Ms B had more understanding of the ethical principle prior to her first appointment, Ms B may have had the knowledge to evade Dry Ass advances. In summary, the doctor and the patient should be educated on ethical conduct before the doctor-patient relationship is formed to avoid situations, like the example. Studies show that although many physicians are aware that a romantic or sexual relationship is unethical, as many as nine percent believe that the ethics depends on he situation (Reese, 2012). The American Medical Association (AMA) states that prior doctor/patient relationships can influence the patient’s treatment and that such a relationship is unethical if the doctor â€Å"uses or exploits trust, knowledge, emotions or influence derived from the previous professional relationship† (American Code of Medical Ethics, 2012). The Mama’s use of â€Å"prior relationship† leaves wiggle room for the â€Å"it’s complicated† answer, which over one third of the physicians had answered to the question, â€Å"Is it acceptable to become involved romantic or sexual relationship with a patient? In Medicare’s 2012 ethics survey (Reese, 2012). You read "Ethics" in category "Papers" Could it be that the and Ms B are aware of the rules but chose in proceeding to break the barriers of the doctor/patient relationship because â€Å"it’s complicated? † The â€Å"it’s complicated† answer may originate from feelings from the physician to do anything possible to treat the patient. One study on therapists, explains that the therapists would get sexually involved relationships with suicidal borderline patients in order to save the patient from suicide (Gabbed Hobby, 2012). This ration is flawed, however, because the physician, like Dry A, should have continued to worked to attain the nature of the intended relationship as clearly therapeutic with any potential unexpected circumstances, which is the idea behind the entire therapeutic process (Crower, Belly Subplots, 2010). A professional needs to self-regulate their internal drives and thoughts in the absence of clear standards or unexpected circumstances, such as that of a suicidal patient whom is not responding to evidence- based treatment (Crower, Belly Subplots, 2010). This is critical because usually a patient will give up his or her own autonomy to respect the decision of a paternalistic physician (Shari, Samara, Arachnids, 2013). Not to say this approach to a doctor/ patient is unethical, but it can leave room for unethical conduct if the physician cannot control his or her internal drives or thoughts. Patients, like Miss B, need doctors that are competent in all areas of their profession. The study of ethics in undergraduate courses and medical school curriculum is still improving; consequently, it should continuously be assessed in terms of content, educational methods, and change in behavior, and be revised accordingly (Shari, Samara, Arachnids, 2013). Within only the past 20 years or so, medical schools have gun incorporating ethics as its own respective subject (Houghton, Sparks Chadwick, 2010). The introduction of ethics in to medical undergraduate curriculum has met resistance, however, because it is evolving constantly and some believe ethical topics are redundant or impossible to be taught (Houghton, Sparks Chadwick, 2010). Once a few generations of physicians are educated, they can begin teaching newer generations from first hand experience to ensure they are fully competent, rather than trainers teaching the instructors (Shari, Samara, Arachnids, 2013). Ethics, according to James S. Recourse (2003), â€Å"refers to a field of inquiry, or discipline, in which matters of right and wrong, good and evil, virtue and vice, are systemically examined (p. 49). Professional ethics is described by Craven Hiring (2009) as involving â€Å"principles and values universal application and standards of conduct to be upheld in all situations (p. 76). The traditional principles that provided the moral grounding for the protection on human subjects in the United States began forming in the sass (Faded, Sass, ethical concern has been to protect patients from injury, risk, abuse, and unjust orders of medical research (Faded, Sass, Goodman, Provosts, Tunis Bà ©chamel, 2013). There has been an importance in our society of forming a Just health care system, which is guided by principles of healthcare ethics that include benefice, non- maleficent, respect for autonomy, and Justice (Craven Hiring, 2008). Physicians, nurses, and other members of the health care team have been developing codes of ethics in order to sustain a Just health care system. Faded, Sass, Goodman, Provosts, Tunis Bà ©chamel (2013) propose a framework that consists of seven ethical obligations, they include: ) to respect the rights and dignity of patients; 2) to respect the clinical Judgment of clinicians; 3) to provide optimal care to each patient; 4) to avoid imposing monomaniacal risks and burdens on patients; 5) to reduce health inequalities among populations; 6) to conduct responsible activities that foster learning from clinical care and clinical information; and 7) to contribute to the common purpose of improving and quality and value of clinical care and health systems (p. ). Most frameworks regarding medical ethics loosely follow these seven steps. Frameworks in ethics provide a systematic way to decide what’s right from wrong in a rarity of assigned priorities that are goal emphasized (Craven Hiring, 2008). All members of the health care team have a framework, and they can find it resembles this model. Several issues of unethical conduc t in the health care setting can arise if ethical principle is ignored. The following are a few debated matters of medical ethical principle that occurs in the health care setting: physician-assisted suicide (Glover, 2010), clinical trials (Barton Ugly, 2009), bribes/gifts from patients (Sash Fug- Barman, 2013), patient abuse, sexual comments/actions toward patient (Crower, Belly Subplots, 2010), confidentiality (Craven Hiring), and financial interests (Reed, Mueller, Brenna, 2013). While some subjects such as euthanasia (physician- assisted suicide) may have different labels of good or bad from different people, other subjects such as sexual patient abuse is generally discovered by most of society. While ethical principle of that society on certain principles might change at the about the same rate medical technology changes, it is still important for any health care worker to keep these principles in mind. Since the implementation of medical ethics is relatively new, changes are rapidly occurring in medical education curriculum as well as the workforce. Evidence shows, the effects of the teaching of medical ethics causes greater ethical sensitivity in the clinical setting (Crower, Belly Subplots, 2010). However, there are still many cases in which medical ethics education does not have an impact. As the progression of ethics continues in the health care setting, evaluation of medical ethics teaching is vital. Research by Shari, Samara, and Arachnids (2013) finds that matching education is successful, and not a waste of human or financial resources. The Institute of Medical Ethics recommends a pyramid of increasing levels of education, they include: knowledge, habituation, and action (Crower, Belly Subplots, 2010). The idea is to have medical students think critically about historical precedents and future situations involving ethical dilemmas, then put into practice the best consideration. The most important thing teaching ethics gives to medical students is awareness (Crower, Belly Subplots). With practicing physicians, it is important to continue education on professionalism because doing so shows its significance as a competency (Reed, Mueller, Brenna, 2013). As introductory and continuing teaching methods are evaluated and improved, future medical students can become more ethically sensitive in their communication and actions. References AMA Code of Medical Ethics. Opinion 8. 14 sexual misconduct in the practice of medicine. Http://www. AMA-assn. Org/AMA/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/ code-medical-ethics/opinion. Page Accessed November 3, 2012. Shari, F. , Samara A. Arachnids, A. (2013). Medical ethics course for undergraduate medical students: A needs assessment study. Journal Of Medical Ethics History Of Medicine, 6(1) Barton, E. , Ugly, S. 2009) Ethical or unethical persuasion? The rhetoric of offers to participate in clinical trials. Written Commu nication, 26(3), 295-310 Craven, R. F. Hiring C. J. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: Human health and function, 6th. Liposuction Williams Wilkins Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 76-77. Crower, M. , Belly, S. , Subplots F. (2010) Abuse of the doctor-patient relationship. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists. Faded, R. , Sass, N. , Goodman, S. , Provosts, P. , Tunis, S. , Beach, T. (2013). An ethics framework for a learning health care system: A departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics. The Hastings Center Report, Spec Noses-ASS Gabbed, G. 0. , Hobby, G. S. (2012). A psychoanalytic perspective on ethics, self- deception and the corrupt physician. British Journal Of Psychotherapy, 28(2), 235-248. Glover, P. C. (2010) Physician-assisted suicide is unethical. Greengages Press. Recourse, J. S. (2003). Communication ethics. Management Communication: A Case- Analysis Approach. 2nd. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Professionalism challenges and opportunities. Minnesota Medicine, 96(1 1), 44-47 Reese, S. (2012). When is it okay to date a patient? Netscape ethics report 2012. Netscape, http://www. Educate. Com/vertically/774295. Sash, S. Fug-Barman, A (2013 Physicians under the influence: Social psychology and industry marketing strategies. Journal Of Law, Medicine Ethics. 41 (3), 665-672. Attachment: Principles of Medical Ethics Revised and adopted by the AMA House of Delegates (June 17, 2001) l. A physician shall be dedicated to providing competent medical care, with compassion and respect for human dignity and rights. II. A physician shall uphold the standards of professionalism, be honest in all professional interactions, and strive to report physicians deficient in character or impotence, or engaging in fraud or deception, to appropriate entities. Ill. A physician shall respect the law and also recognize a responsibility to seek changes in those requirements, which are contrary to the best interests of the patient. ‘ IV. A physician shall respect the rights of patients, colleagues, and other health professionals, and shall safeguard within the constraints of the law. V. A physician shall continue to study, apply, and advance scientific knowledge; maintain a commitment to medical education; make relevant information available to tenets, colleagues, and the public; obtain consultation; and use the talents of other health professionals when indicated. VI. A physician shall, in the provision of appropriate patient care, except in emergencies, be free to choose whom to serve, with whom to associate, and the environment in which to provide medical care VI’. A physician shall recognize a responsibility to participate in activities contributing to the improvement of the community and the betterment of public health. As paramount. ‘X. A physician shall support access to medical care for all people. Source: Code of Medical Ethics: In-Hand Activity: Ethics Self-Assessment The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) made this survey so you can identify areas of ethical practice in which you are weak or strong. For each question, identify one of the five answers that is best suited to you. The ACHE does not believe in a numbered final score, because it is not a tool for evaluating ethical behavior of others. The number that corresponds with each response simply helps you uncover any areas of concern that may require the need for enhancement in some of your current ethical practice. Almost Never Occasionally Usually 4 5 Always Not Applicable 2 I. Leadership 3 I take courageous, consistent and appropriate management actions to overcome barriers to achieving my organization’s mission. I place community/patient benefit over my personal gain. I strive to be a role model for ethical behavior. I work to ensure that decisions about access to care are based primarily on medical necessity, not only on the ability to pay. My statements and actions are consistent with professional ethical standards, including the ACHE Code of Ethics. Circumstances would allow me to confuse the issues I advocate ethical decision making by the board, management team and medical staff. I use an ethical approach to conflict resolution. I initiate and encourage discussion of the ethical aspects of management/financial issues. I initiate and promote discussion of controversial issues affecting community/patient health (e. G. , domestic and community violence and decisions near the end of life). I promptly and candidly explain to internal and external stakeholders negative economic trends and encourage appropriate action. I use my authority solely to fulfill my responsibilities and not for self-interest or to further the interests of family, friends or associates. When an ethical conflict confronts my organization r me, I am successful in finding an effective resolution process and ensure it is followed. I demonstrate respect for my colleagues, superiors and staff. I demonstrate my organization’s vision, mission and value statements in my actions. I make timely decisions rather than delaying them to avoid difficult or politically risky choices. I seek the advice of the ethics committee when making ethically challenging decisions. My personal expense reports are accurate and are only billed to a single organization. I openly support establishing and monitoring internal mechanisms (e. G. , an ethics committee or program) to How to cite Ethics, Papers Ethics Free Essays What are the pros and cons of occupational licenser in general? The pros of occupational licensing are that it protects the public from incompetent providers. Licenses prove to the public that the provider has had the education and/ or training. This does not always mean the provider is going to perform a good Job. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also promotes higher income for the licensee. The cons of occupational licensing are that it restricts entry and limits competition in a certain profession. It is very costly to obtain some licenses and not everyone can ford it. It also limits the consumer’s choice and deprives the poor of adequate service. The employer is required to pay higher wages to the licensee. After reading Case 5. 1, â€Å"Yahoo In China,† discuss the following: Would American companies do more good by refusing to cooperate with Chinese authorities (and risk not being able to do business In China) or by cooperating and working gradually to spread Internet freedom? I personally think that American companies should refuse to cooperate but that Is not good for the monetary concerns of companies. So on that note, American companies would cooperate and work gradually toward spreading Internet freedom. I would think that putting up barriers with other countries would do more harm than It Is worth. China Is a major player In our economy and It Is best to keep things In good standing. The US expects others to obey our laws and we should do the same for other countries. It Is not right for us to go Into another country and expect them to do things the way we do. For example, I may not agree with the way my friend disciplines her children but that does not mean I have to push her to dullness them my way. How to cite Ethics, Papers Ethics Free Essays Ethics 101 1. 1 background and development of theoretical ethical approaches Deontological Theory The deontological theory state that the consequences or outcomes of actions are not important, what actually matter is that the actions are morally Justified. For example drunken driving is wrong, now if a person argues that he safely navigated his way back home and for that reason he/she should not be held accountable by law, they are wrong because their action was wrong in the first place and was breaking the basic principle for morally correct behaviour that a person should not drive while being drunk. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The contribution of Immanuel Kant towards development of Deontological theory Immanuel Kant proposes that in taking a decision â€Å"Duty’ carries the foremost importance. Kant is of the view that a person’s actions will only be regarded as morally and ethically correct when they are taken keeping in mind the sense of duty and responsibility in mind. Teleological Ethical Theory The teleological ethical theory put the primary focus on the â€Å"Consequences† i. e. â€Å"What are those actions that produce the best possible results†? Along with attaching importance to the consequences the teleological theory also suggests that the ecisions framework that is developed for achieving the desired consequences should also be managed with care. Consequentialist Theory According to the â€Å"Consequentiality Theory’, the basis for determining how moral a person’s actions are the consequences. The consequences of actions can be good or bad, and they can be damaging or favourable. The contribution of Jeremy Bentham towards development of a person’s actions can be a classified as good or bad depending on what consequences the action has produced. According to Bentham’s opinion the good things are classified as â€Å"pleasure† and the bad ones as pain†. (http://www. studymode. com/) 1. 2 Absolute ethics has only two sides: Something is good or bad, black or white. Some examples in police ethics would be unethical behaviours such as bribery, extortion, excessive force, and perjury, which nearly everyone would agree are unacceptable behaviours by the police. Relative ethics is more complicated and can nave a multitude ot sides witn varying shades ot gray . What is considered ethical behaviour by one person may be deemed highly unethical by someone else. The Absolutist theory is the theory that certain things are right or wrong from an bjective point of view and cannot change according to culture. Certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong, which means they are right or wrong in themselves. This is also known as deontological. The relativist theory is the theory that there are no universally valid moral principles. All principles and values are relative toa particular culture or age. Ethical relativism means that there is no such thing as good â€Å"in itself†, but if and action seems good to you and bad to me, that is it, and there is no objective basis for us to discover the truth. This theory is also known as teleological. An example of an absolutist ethical system would be if a single mother with a very young child had no money and therefore no food to feed the child, and she stole some food from the shop and the mother was caught and had a trial, an absolutist would argue that its morally wrong to steal and should suffer the consequences of the crime. They don’t take into account the situation the person might be in and use an absolute law. However, this is in contrast to the alternative ethical system, called â€Å"relativist†, because this system is really the complete opposite. Again I’ll use the same example s I did for absolutist. If a relativist was looking at this they would take into consideration the situation the woman might be in and empathize with her and try to find an outcome that is the most fair. One reason to support the absolutist approach as the only defensible approach is that it provides Justification for acting which means that morality seems to demand some sort of obligation. If there’s a fixed moral code then there is no obligation to act in a way. Another strength is that it gives clear guidelines, which basically means the rules are fixed and clear to apply. () 1. 3 Ethics refers to a prescribed or accepted code of conduct. Ethical issues are a set of moral values that need to be addressed while carrying out business. Businesses operate in a society that is structured around moral values. Therefore, when conducting its operations, a business has certain responsibilities which are to provide the society with quality goods and services that will improve the people’s living standards. In order to survive, a business needs to maintain its customers. Product packaging is one way of ensuring a business maintains its existing customers and also acquire ew customers. Some companies are known to allow underweight packaging of products which are then highly priced and this is a rude way of increasing profits. However this negative trend will affect the business in the long run as customers will eventually come to learn that they are being swindled. In an attempt to boost sales, some businessmen adapt promotional method mislead customers as the message conveyed may not give the exact details of the product. Businesses should desist from increasing prices without valid reasons. In doing so, they will be taking advantage of the customer and this is unethical. Businessmen should also desist from taking part in corrupt practices such as selling low standard goods while bribing government officials in order to continue operating. Entrepreneurs should consider the effects of their activities on the society they serve. In the long run, wrong dealings and corruption will tarnish the image of the business and have a negative effect on sales. Business people ought to comply with the law requirements and observe laid down principles of morality in their dealings. They should seriously consider expectations of the community they serve. (    How to cite Ethics, Papers Ethics Free Essays To:| Jeffrey Galbraith| From:| Master Minds- Kirstin Miner, Madeleine Roberts, Alyssa Tan, Jen Penza| Date:| March 5, 2013 | Re:| Evaluation of Theo Chocolate | | | | | Hello Jeff! Team Master Minds is excited to share with you today our findings on Theo Chocolate’s social responsibility record and why they are proud to say they stand by their word. They pride themselves on being the only Organic, Fair Trade, Fair for Life certified, Bean-to-Bar Chocolate Factory in North America. They are passionate about their product and about preserving the natural environment where the cacao bean grows in order to keep the industry strong and profitable, all the while making the customers healthy and happy. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Below we have prepared for you some of the important components of what makes Theo Chocolate stand out from the rest of the chocolate market as far as ethics and social responsibility. What is the mission of Theo Chocolate? â€Å"We’re dedicated to making our world a better place. And we’re finding ways to do it through our passion—bringing out the best of the cocoa bean. We are all connected. We touch one another’s lives in incredible ways. And we are responsible to and for one another. From the cacao farmer in the Congo, to the truck driver in Seattle, to the chocolate lover in Philadelphia—there is a thread that runs through us all. Theo believes in celebrating those connections, in strengthening them and in finding inspiration within them—inspiration to change the world. We know that every action has a result. That the choices we make here in Seattle, Washington touch lives across the planet in real and lasting ways. That knowledge, and that responsibility, is what drives us to do things differently, to help make the world a better place. We think about every choice we make, every action we take and how it will impact our interconnected world. † A brief history of the company: Theo Chocolate was founded by Joe Whitney, the first to pioneer the supply of rganic cocoa beans into the United States in the year 1994. He fell in love with making chocolate when he explored the tropics of Central America and Africa. He had such passion for the land and the people farming there. The dedication to the farming people allowed him to explore further into the land and farmers, both of which were being exploited. He felt he had to do something to make a difference. He spent the next ten years promoting organic cocoa beans in the U. S. as well Fair Trade pract ices for those who farm the beans. He developed trusting, long-lasting relationships with the farmers in order to fulfill his dream of making chocolate and sharing it with the world. His next step was to team up with Sales and Marketing expertise Debra Music. They moved to Seattle in 2004 where they began creating the brand and building the factory with a small team. In 2006 Joe’s dream was brought to life with the first inaugural run. From there on out the company prides themselves on using the purest ingredients grown in the most sustainable ways. What is the nature of the company? Customers: Theo’s customers are probably educated consumers who care about where their food comes from, how it is produced, and whether any mistreatment of the environment or workers is involved in producing the product. In today’s society being â€Å"healthy† is the message sent across America to make a part of your lifestyle in order to live longer and maintain health. Therefore Americans don’t feel as bad when they know they are eating chocolate that is better for them that is why Theo Chocolate has developed a niche in the cocoa industry and have created a high demand that equips to today’s values. Products: Theo produces organic, fair-trade chocolate. Products include Chocolate Bars, Caramels, Confections, Specialty, and Gift Confections. The products are absolutely 100% organic without any synthetic pesticides or chemical fertilizers and are not exposed to industrial solvents or food additives. The suppliers of the cocoa bean is constantly changing, Theo works with farmer groups and grower cooperative throughout the world. Currently the beans come primarily from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, and Peru. The company makes sure that the process from which the beans turn into chocolate involves completely ethical behavior where all parties involved are treated fairly. Evaluate code of conduct/ ethics. Theo Chocolates hopes to provide for its employees a stimulating work environment, opportunities for personal growth, and job satisfaction. Transparency is at the heart of the company’s values. They believe that being open to all who want to know about the company leads to trusting relationships with customers and suppliers. If you’re not open about your business it makes people think you have something to hide and that is something that can turn customers away from their product. Theo Chocolate is grateful for the talented team members, which is always an important practice within a business. It means that the company values their employees and wants to treat them the way they deserve to be treated. If employees know that they are truly valued they will be motivated to work extremely hard to make their company succeed which is what a company wants of its employees. Their policies and practices may change over time but Theo Chocolate remains to have core values intact which include being committed to enriching the lives of farmers, suppliers, shareholders, partners and employees. The company has developed the handbook to help their employees understand general expectations and benefits of working with them and also to answer any questions people may have. This is very important as it so that potential and current employees know what they’re getting into and there are standards that are set so that employees are held accountable for their actions. Evaluate social responsibility using the Porter model. Because their customers demand socially responsible products, it’s in Theo’s best interest to promote its products this way. Therefore, by marketing their products as Fair Trade, Theo can increase profits while maintaining social responsibility. The following excerpt is from Theo’s website: â€Å"The sources of our cocoa beans are always changing. We work with farmer groups and grower cooperatives throughout the world to ensure we are always getting the best beans possible. Currently, our beans come primarily from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Peru. We have been actively cultivating supply chain in Tanzania for the last several years. † They can also benefit both their social responsibility record and increase profits when they help support the communities that produce the ingredients they use. . ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Our Mission | Theo. n. d. Web. 5 March 2013. . [ 2 ]. Theo – Shop. n. d. Web. March 5 2013. https://www. theochocolate. com/shop How to cite Ethics, Papers

Monet Painting And Impressionism Essay Example For Students

Monet Painting And Impressionism Essay Monets Impression: Sunrise is a famous and prime example of Impressionism. The impressionist style of painting is characterized by concentration on the general impression produced by a scene as an object and the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light. WebMuseum Impressionist paintings use light and color to imitate a certain setting or reality. In both novels, Vile Bodies and Brighton Rock, there is an impressionistic feel to them. There is a sense of darkness and unclearness as one reads along, but have an element of light that is present throughout. The light in these novels are represented through characters. In Vile Bodies, the story is one of nothingness, meaninglessness. None of the characters have an objective reality, its all subjective. The reality is different to each character. There are concessions to nothing outside the self. Their lives are portrayed as wasted, as if there is no other purpose to them than to be part of a society that emphasizes the importance of money and social gatherings, in other words, a social satire. One source of light in this novel is Mrs. Ape and her angels. They serve as a religious element in a world that is existentialism at its best. Brighton Rock is a detective story, a who done it. Naturally, being that it is a detective story, there is a dark quality to it. Detective films fall into the film noire genre, because of the dark element. Rose is the light, it is present with her. Throughout the novel, along with the murders and crime solving, Rose is the balance, the light. Her good balances with her husbands , Pinkies, evil. Pinkie seems to be incomplete without Rose. Monets painting seems to be incomplete, or unfinished. And like the painting, Rose is the stroke of color, that reflects light in the novel. Being that they are married, which is a holy institution, makes her different from the unmarried characters, i.e. Ida, Charles, etc. Rose is the bonding element in her marriage to Pinkie. The comment made by Castagnary, in the test booklet, They are impressionists in that they do not render a landscape, but the sensation produced by the landscapeThere they take leave of reality and enter the realms of idealism, has a connection to the life portrayed in Vile Bodies. The landscape sensation, which is the world and lives of the characters, is produced by the meaningless conversation, relationships, and subjective mentality of the characters. In the essay by Paul Tillich, The Meaning of Meaninglessness, it states that, Heman has sacrificed himself to his own productions He who is in the grip of doubt and meaninglessness cannot liberate himself from this grip, but he asks for an answer which is valid and not outside the situation of his despair. This is the case for Adam. He is searching for  something that is not outside of the satirical world that he is trapped in, created by Waugh, constructed as an example of what the world has become or what the world is soon to become. The authors, as like Monet and other Impressionist painters, have an artistic vision that is expressed through strokes and color and a reality, or lack thereof. In the novels, the strokes are the characters, and the color is the role that the character plays in the world created by the author. All the elements come together to form a world, created by the artist, either with paint or words.

Music Exam Questions Baroque Era Flashcard

Music Exam Questions: Baroque Era

Supply Chain Automotive Industry Essay Example

Supply Chain Automotive Industry Essay Example Supply Chain Automotive Industry Paper Supply Chain Automotive Industry Paper Abstract While sometimes characterized as â€Å"stable† the World automotive industry continues to experience dynamic change- change that sweeps across national borders. These changes have struck in particular, the U. S and the Japanese automotive industries. To succeed, auto manufacturers must manage large and complex supply chains, spanning many geographic regions, and pursue opportunities in diverse national markets. While national policies play an important role in shaping the environment for local manufacturing operations and resulting products, cost competition increasingly drives the industry toward global product offerings. This report explores several important dimensions of the forces of change facing the U. S. and the Japanese auto industry. We will present a comparison between the Asian and North American automobile manufacturing practices and in particular, the two companies, Ford and Honda Motors. A comparison will be made between the two markets on how each handles product varieties, their delivery methods from the factory to consumers, as well as the markets channels used. A comprehensive study is made to compare the automobile product varieties in the two regions and explain how customer choices and the effect of competition have led to this diversification in the products. The importance of marketing channels has gone largely unnoticed. For this purpose, marketing channel strategies will be discussed in detail. The relationships among suppliers, customers and logistics service providers will also be analyzed, in other words, the sourcing and the in-bound supply strategies. North America Asian ? Ford Motors â€Å"Ford Taurus† ?Honda Motor â€Å"Honda Accord† Table 1: North American and Asian automakers to be analyzed in this project These two models have been chosen based on the annual report posted at the corporate sites for both companies. Honda Corporate site shows that Honda Accord achieved its highest sales recently. The choice of Ford Taurus comes from the many similarities it has with Honda Accord concerning its size, price and de mands. iii 1. Introduction U. S. Sales of Honda Automobiles (by Model) Worldwide vehicle production ability is growing today more rapidly than it has in the last 20 or 30 years, and this has interesting implications for the world’s auto makers. Clearly most automobile manufacturers are very optimistic about the willingness of consumers to buy up this capacity. While environmental issues exist, they are not being factored into investment decisions about increases in car production capacity. At present, the world has the capability of producing 15 to 20 million more vehicles than it is currently buying. The last four years have been extraordinary for U. S. auto companies, earning them every year between 13 and 14 billion dollars. This is not bad financial performance for an industry that was viewed as dead in 1990, when both GM and Chrysler were on the verge of filing bankruptcy. This year again will be an outstanding year both for Ford and GM. In examining how the Japanese and U. S. auto industries have changed and adjusted to adversity, we find that the turnaround of the Japanese industry has had more to do with the value of the currency than it has had to do with fundamental change for several companies. While Japanese automobile companies have suffered fairly staggering losses over the last few years, both 2001 and 2002 showed improvement because of the stronger dollar. What happened to Japanese manufacturers during the bubble economy? First, all had huge, very unrealistic expectations about where the Japanese market was going. Japan is as saturated with motor vehicles as the United States, and yet during the last few years virtually every Japanese automaker built another factory to expand capacity and maintain market share. Companies rationalized this massive increase in capacity by believing that somehow their company’s market share would grow and another company’s market share would shrink. But that theory works only if there are other companies around willing to give up market share. This, of course, is no longer the case; the world has changed and it has changed very dramatically. ?1 In the case of the U. S. industry, however, substantial fundamental changes have occurred within the automobile companies themselves, allowing them to reduce excess capacity and in the process adjust their break-even points. Over the last decade and a half, for example, Ford has closed enough capacity and start to invade the Japanese markets. In terms of productivity in the factory, Japanese also have benefited from very close relationships with suppliers. In fact, they were able to get new cars on the market every four years, mainly because their suppliers were linked to the automobile company in familial relationships that entrusted the supplier to do a great deal of the engineering work for the manufacturer. In effect, the Japanese shifted a lot of their fixed costs onto their suppliers and became variable cost assemblers. That has been hard to replicate outside Japan because U. S. automobile companies were very highly vertically integrated. But companies such as GM and Ford are no longer as vertically integrated. The company is getting rid of this business, pushing the engineering responsibilities onto their suppliers. In sum, supplier relationships in the United States are firming up and look very much like the structure in Japan. Parts manufacturers now have specific expertise and technical capability to absorb engineering work from the auto companies. As a result, companies are now looking to five-year product cycles. Suddenly what factors things that have distinguished Japanese auto manufacturers in the past and enabled them to gain market share are being matched by U. S. and European companies. So what constitutes competitive advantage? For a long time the Japanese were able to offset their excess capacity at home with higher exports throughout the world but that export potential is no longer there, especially with regard to the developed markets of North America and Western Europe. And in most markets of the developing world, the growth of home auto industries has hampered the ability of Japanese manufacturers to shift surplus capacity away from Japan. Even though exports are up substantially this year because of the weak yen, they are no where near the levels of a few years ago and certainly not high enough to absorb the excess capacity. Another trend influencing the automotive industry is consumer preference for certain features. Consumers are choosing safety (e. g. , airbags, antilock brake systems) with amenities (e. g. air conditioners, powerful engines, power steering, and compact disc players) over vehicles whose primary appeal is size and interior space. Factors influencing customer choices are performance, suitability to personal needs, and family lifestyle, safety, comfort, and appearance. Consumers are showing a taste for the practical, as embodied in the Toyota Camry and the Ford Taurus, both top sellers in the medium price range. Japanese automaker s, however, have 2 increased market share in the United States through new â€Å"luxury† nameplates: Lexus, Infiniti, and Acura. In addition, previously â€Å"compact† models such as Toyota’s Camry and Honda’s Accord have become larger and more luxurious. One of the most critical issues for the automotive industry today is competitiveness in cost, quality, and product offerings. Companies cannot survive in today’s market if they neglect any of these areas. Since that time, differences between the United States and Japan in productivity and quality have shrunk and effectively disappeared in new product development lead time, pointing to a dramatic overall improvement in the competitive position. Trends in the practices of the foreign competitors show an important part of the overall picture. Japanese trends show a strong emphasis on total product quality (e. g. , Honda, Infiniti), perhaps at the expense of lead time and development productivity (total engineering hours per development project). However, in part because of the rise in the value of the yen, the pendulum between â€Å"cost is no object† quality and cost-effectiveness is rapidly swinging toward the latter. Nevertheless, the Japanese demonstrate a strong command of the link between product design and lean production. The automobile is one of the most complex consumer products in existence. The automotive manufacturing process serves as the â€Å"moment of truth† for the entire design, development, supply chain, and manufacturing process. If the parts do not fit when the manufacturer attempts to put them together, the system has a defect that must be tracked down and eliminated. Thus, auto companies focus a great deal of attention on understanding and improving the manufacturing process. Across the world auto industry, the differences in regional averages in quality, productivity, and diversity are declining. Within regions, however, the variance in performance is high, with large gaps between the best and worst plants. Quality performance trends are similar to those for productivity. Much of the quality gap between Japanese companies and their American and European competitors has been closed. However, the variation among plants in each regional group is large. The greatest improvement is shown by European plants and by Ford plants in North America. While this improvement closed much of the quality gap with Japanese competitors, Japanese plants improved in Japan and in North America. The North American transplants have eliminated any gap in quality performance with their sister plants in Japan. As far as talking about the flexibility in manufacturing, the strategic advantages (the ability to assemble multiple product lines in a single plant) have been widely discussed over the past 3 decade. Companies that are able to produce a variety of products in their manufacturing plants have a number of advantages. Such plants are an important resource for a company with a product development strategy of high variety. In addition, flexibility enables plants to respond more effectively to changes in their competitive environment. The manufacturing plants with the highest levels of product variety have typically been those that produce many different models for export- Japanese plants in Japan and European plants. Ford plants in North America have typically been dedicated to one or a few models. The Japanese transplants started their operations in North America with low product variety while they established their production system philosophy and have slowly increased variety over time. The Japanese and U. S. utomotive industries operate differently. Japanese manufacturers typically ask suppliers regardless of location or national origin-to assume more responsibility for engineering design. In many cases, the Japanese automakers do not own patent rights to the designs for the parts they use, so that the parts suppliers must be quite specific. By contrast, American automakers usually provide detaile d designs and ask suppliers to bid on a part. We come here to the most important point in our project; the supply chain policies. The world’s automotive manufacturing sector consists primarily of about 20 very large multinational corporations. The automotive supply sector, however, comprises thousands of firms ranging in size from a few employees to more than 100,000. Drawing conclusions about such a large and diverse sector is much more difficult than for the manufacturing sector. Best practice in automotive supply chain management involves close, trusting relationships with long-standing suppliers that are intimately involved with the development and production of the components and subsystems they provide. In the past five years, Chrysler has aggressively incorporated those findings into its modus operandi, GM has largely rejected that hilosophy, and Ford has settled somewhere in between. On the surface, the advice to improve partnerships along the supply chain, drawn largely from Japanese practices, seems to have significantly helped Ford on its return to growth and profitability. At the same time, Honda insists on exerting extreme price pressure on its suppliers and aggressively negotiating division of the returns to innovations in supplied parts and subsystems. Automotive distribution and retailing were once given little attention because they were viewed as adjunct to the core business of engineering and manufacturing vehicles. However, in the past several decades, the pressures on the industry to make its factories and product development processes more efficient have spilled over into the distribution and retailing (post manufacturing) sectors- cutting profit margins and causing significant restructuring in the 4 distribution and retail industry base. This restructuring, although quite significant, has attracted much less attention than the manufacturing sector’s changes because it involves no dramatic dislocation of people, jobs, or economic base. These downstream segments of the supply chain are experiencing a shift from being capital intensive (focused on inventory investment) and people intensive (sales forces) to being more information intensive (having the right vehicle in the right place at the right time). Due to greater flexibility of labor and capital in the post manufacturing markets, this conversion from physical logistics to information logistics is shifting the power and leverage in the supply chain toward economic agents that are highly entrepreneurial and flexible. These economic forces have reduced the number of dealers in the United States (now approximately 22,000) and are expected to continue doing so. More important than the absolute dealer count is the trend toward segmentation of the many industries that make up distribution. Unlike the small group of relatively tightly organized supply chains, the post manufacturing sector is a much looser collection of organizations that are not so centrally focused around the automaker. The combination of high national productivity and the relative decrease in value of the dollar against the yen and the deutsche mark has made the United States a more attractive manufacturing site for foreign automakers. This development has provided a new source of investment, jobs, and training for Americans. Moreover, the transplant assemblers are significantly influencing the U. S. automotive supply base, both by encouraging traditional Japanese and German suppliers to set up transplant operations and by inciting the traditional U. S. suppliers to become more competitive. These improvements to the supply base, driven in part by the Japanese transplants, in turn benefit the American automobile manufacturing companies. The Japanese-transplant assemblers in North America have continued to expand their production and are now approaching a volume of three million cars and light trucks per year. The transplants represent an enormous positive economic impact for the United States, compared with having that many vehicles imported from Japan, for example. These investments have helped the Japanese companies as well, which would be in far deeper trouble had they not diversified their manufacturing base outside the high-priced labor and parts markets in Japan. The displacement of the automobile manufacturing industries employment and production with transplant production is more difficult to assess. In the main, it has decreased the financial and market dominance of the American auto industry, although none are currently threatened with survival concerns. It has also affected the geography of automotive employment within the United States. The combination of high national productivity and the relative decrease in value of the dollar against the yen and the deutsche mark has made the United States a more attractive 5 manufacturing site for foreign automakers. This development has provided a new source of investment, jobs, and training for Americans. Moreover, the transplant assemblers are significantly influencing the U. S. automotive supply base, both by encouraging traditional Japanese and German suppliers to set up transplant operations and by inciting the traditional U. S. suppliers to become more competitive. Japanese companies have constructed manufacturing facilities in many industries in the United States, including the automobile and electronics industries in recent years. However, it is the automobile parts industry that is currently perceived as being under siege. Nearly 50 Japanese automotive parts suppliers have constructed facilities here since 1979, most of them clustered around new Japanese automobile assembly plants in California, Tennessee, Michigan, Ohio, and Illinois. Hundreds more suppliers are reportedly planning American plants in the next few years and local governments throughout the United States are competing vigorously for them. Local government officials view the Japanese plants as a major source of investment, employment, and tax revenues for their communities. However, despite the warm welcome given the Japanese parts manufacturers by local communitiesand especially by the unemployed in those communitiesthey are resented by some of their American competitors. A subgroup of American auto parts manufacturers feels it is being discriminated against by U. S. -based Japanese automakers that prefer to purchase some of their parts from Japanese suppliers. In short, the industry subgroup feels it is being discriminated against because it is American, not because it cannot produce auto parts as well as Japanese companies can. In America, Honda introduced just-in-time parts delivery and rolling-model changes, which allows production of the old model right up until production of the new model begins. This approach continues to put customers first. The truth is that the customers will not just drive Hondas – they will drive Honda with their expectations. Another Honda difference is their flexibility. Honda plants have always been able to build more than one model on the same line. Recently Honda implemented an even more flexible manufacturing system that increases the speed and efficiency when introducing new models. Honda’s New Manufacturing System does this by standardizing production capabilities among its plants worldwide. This makes the shift within a plant to new model production less complex and more cost efficient.

Assess the role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Has Essay

Assess the role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Has it been a blessing A curse A mixed-bag What, if anything, should change - Essay Example This was supposed to build on the positive steps towards peace of the earlier 1978 Camp David Accords where President Jimmy Carter was able to broker a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel. The Oslo Accords of 1993 between the later assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat had provided that agreement should be reached on all outstanding issues between the Palestinians and Israeli sides within five years of the implementation of Palestinian autonomy. However, the interim process put in place under Oslo had fulfilled neither Israeli nor Palestinian expectations, and Arafat argued that the summit was premature. But the Americans decided to strongly involve themselves in this process. On July 11, the Camp David 2000 Summit convened, but it ended without an agreement. Everyone said they would continue negotiating, but the impetus was lost. The second intifada changed things, and made the Americans less wary of engaging. President Busy was a lot less interested in the Arab-Israeli conflict that President Clinton. This is more evidence of the sometimes fickle nature of the American government actions in the region. What this conflict needs is sustained attention; it has not received this. Clinton, who promised Arafat that no one would be blamed if the talks failed, did, in fact, blame Arafat after the failure of the talks, stating, "I regret that in 2000 Arafat missed the opportunity to bring that nation into being and pray for the day when the dreams of the Palestinian people for a state and a better life will be realized in a just and lasting peace." The failure to come to an agreement was widely attributed to Yasser Arafat, as he walked away from the table without making a concrete counter-offer and because Arafat did little to quell the series of

Should the government intervene in the OTC markets, pros and cons and Research Paper

Should the government intervene in the OTC markets, pros and cons and US versus Canada - Research Paper Example Securities traded in this market are not listed on the organized stock exchanges such as the Nasdaq Stock market. Some securities that are traded in the over the counter markets include common stocks, bonds, and derivatives such as forward contracts and interest rate swaps. OTC market is conducted through brokers and dealers thus is a negotiated market where trading is carried out through computer systems and telephone conversations (Poitras 61). The securities traded on OTC market are usually small since the issuers have not met the listing requirements. Though Nasdaq trades through a network of dealers, it is not an OTC market but an organized stock exchange market where trading is carried out on the floor (Poitras 73). Each year, billions of dollars are exchanged in the OTC market. OTC market mainly consists of derivative financial assets such as the forward contracts, interest rate swaps and options. The derivative market has experienced a phenomenal growth since 2000. Derivative instruments were designed for the agricultural industry to hedge the farmers against crop failure, or expected price movements. Derivative contracts have been extended to the main sectors of the economy including oil industry, gold markets and financial sector. Derivatives have the potential of hedging against unforeseen risks and price moments but are subject to abuse by greedy investors (Wood 67). The Commodity Future Trading commission has the mandate of regulating the derivatives market including derivatives traded in the stock exchanges. The derivatives traded in the exchange markets account for $ 334 trillion each year meaning the value of the underlying assets involved is also $ 334 trillion. The main derivatives in the exchange markets are options and future contracts. However, most of the derivative instruments do not trade on the exchange markets, but are transacted in the OTC market. Each year, $ 684 trillion of underlying assets are traded in the OTC market where most of the derivative assets traded include the interest rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, commodity indexes and exchange rate swaps (Madura 90). Derivative contracts have one similar feature since their value depends on the price movements of the underlying asset (Wood 87). The underlying asset may be a physical commodity or a stock market index or the rate of interest prevailing in the mar ket. Derivative instruments such as options, swaps and future or forward contracts lose or gain value as the underlying asset changes in value even though the holder of the derivative may not be the owner of the underlying asset (Madura 117). Millions of business firms use the derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange risks. Firms protect their profitability against the raw material price increase by entering in to a derivative contract that automatically increases in value when price of the raw material increase. For instance, Southwest Airlines managed to purchase jet fuel at lower prices in 2008 when the energy prices were soaring since it had entered in to a derivative position (Madura 198). Generally, there are two categories of derivative contracts. The first is the option contract that providers the option holder the choice of buying or selling the underlying asset over a certain period of time. The other is the future contract, this contract obligates the holder to b uy or sell the underlying asset on the expiry of the contract period. All other derivatives such as options and swaps have evolved from the above two derivative contrac

Capital Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example The final results were seven votes for Georgia Supreme Court and two votes against. The court in a seven to two decision stated that a death penalty did not violate the Eight and the Fourteenth Amendment under all circumstances. In extreme cases, when the defendant has been convicted of killing another person in a deliberate fashion, the appropriateness of death penalty is robust, provided it is carefully employed. There was an assurance of death penalty statute in Georgia’s Supreme Court by several jury findings as associated with the severity of the crime and the nature of the defendant as well as a comparison with each of the circumstances of the capital sentences. The court stated that capital punishment imposition with careful scrutiny acted as a useful deterrent to future capital crimes and that it was a proper means of the social retribution against the most serious offenders (Gregg v. Georgia, 1975). If the main concept behind death penalty is to put the dead person to justice, then no form of genteel behavior should be shown to the condemned person. â€Å"If our motive in executions is revenge or even instant punishment, let's let the bastards suffer as much as possible. â€Å"Let them fry," as some proponents of capital punishment say. Why bother to put them to sleep?† (R.E.B., 1996, p.2) It is also stated in the article that Americans favor capital punishment even if by a small margin. It must also be mentioned that there were some instances where seven innocent men were awarded the sentence but were set free after spending considerable time in prison (R.E.B., 1996, p.2). In a separate case of McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), McClesky was a black man who was convicted of killing... This essay describes the controversial issue of the capital punishment that is present in modern society today. The researcher describes the history of the capital punishment in different countries and cultures as well as debates on the necessity of such possibility. The researcher states that death sentence is an arguable phenomenon in our times, but it can become the only form of imparting justice in some rarest of the events. Though it may appear immoral and uncivilized in the high tech society of today, it helps in sending a strong message to the society. In some cases, the capital punishment also helps in relieving the inmate of the agony to wait for years deciding his fate. The essay presents that there are instances where people had begged to be executed as a form of moral liberation for their sins, and in of the cases discussed in this essay by the researcher, there is an instance of pure discrimination. As it is also mentioned in the essay as the highest form of all punishme nts, the jury needs to be extremely careful in awarding its sentences. It is important that no innocent must be killed for the sake of protecting the law. Justice must be done fairly at all times, considering both the defendant and the prosecution sides. It is also concluded by the researcher that death sentences are awarded to cleanse the society of social evils. It is also important to remember that the jury needs to ensure that it does not send a wrong signal to the society by building a silent anger amongst the people.

Wit by Margaret Edson Analysis

Wit by Margaret Edson Analysis In the play Wit by Margaret Edson, the relationships between the doctors are in need of examination. Dr. Harvey Kelekian, and Jason Posner, is morally viewed characters because of their discussions with the patient. Furthermore, the death of Vivian Bearing in the play Wit by Margaret Edson plays a role by teaching Vivian how to use compassion. In which, she could than die in more of a peaceful manner. The doctors help Vivian fight the battle against ovarian cancer and ultimately revealing that kindness is a simple reward of action (Edson, 2012). However, the lack of compassion that Vivian receives from the doctors reveals that she is like all humans, who long for kindness. Dr. Jason forgot his bedside manners in a clinical manner showing how he feels for Vivian (Edson, 2012). Dr. Jason would not properly greet Vivian during her examination process for the treatment of ovarian cancer and left her stomach uncovered, she was not properly diagnosed with ovarian cancer, which left her unstablized. Vivian felt that there is no respect for her, she is sarcastic towards Dr. Jason and makes comments towards Dr. Jason because he does not show some consideration for her. Vivian rejects Susie the nurse, who is kind to her and eventually becomes appreciative of the kindness that the nurse shows her during her stay in the hospital for chemotherapy; the nurse cares for Vivians wellbeing and cares for her physically. Furthermore, the nurse does whatever she can to make Vivians stay in the hospital comfortable. Vivians nurse has every intent to be straightforward with her and her disapproval of her doctors choices. Due to honesty and respect, Vivian befriended Susie and the only person in the entire play she let close to her. With phrases such as I wanted her to come and see me (Edson, p. 64). The play takes place during the final hours of Dr. Vivian Bearing, a university professor of English, dying of ovarian cancer. Vivian recalls the initial diagnosis of stage 1V metastatic ovarian cancer from her oncologist Dr. Harvey Kelekian. The doctor than proposes an experimental chemotherapeutic treatment regimen consisting of eight rounds at full dosage (Edson, 2012). Over the course of the play, Vivian reflects on her life through the intricacies of the english language, especially the use of Wit in the metaphysical poetry of John Donne. Throughout the play, she recites Donnes Holy Sonnet X, Death be not proud, while reflecting upon her condition (Wilson, 2004). Vivian has lived her life alone, is unmarried and without children, her parents are deceased and she has no emergency contacts (Edson, 2012). Margaret Edson is about a woman dealing with her lifes issues with an uncommon approach. Edson got the idea for the plot after many hours of volunteering at a hospital (Wilson, 2009). Instead of being gloomy and negative which lead Vivians remains witty and tough during her struggle with different stages of ovarian cancer. Throughout her life, Vivian and those around her have been an active part of student mentor relationships with someone retaining to Vivians condition. Whether it was personality or behavioral changes, a change in life direction, at least one person involved in each relationship underwent a transformation (Wilson, 2009). The power and result of these relationships, serving as fundamental themes in playwrights formed one or both participants and their future goals at the times the relationships were occurring. Vivian also tried to thoroughly illustrate her point and eventually gave up trying to understand, but unconsciously comprehended her viewpoints. The important information she utilized throughout her life because of this conversation and relationship was how to better understand John Donnes pieces, allowing her to expertly teach his work (Cite). She was also able to discover the differences between different effects on his sonnets and even herself. A valuable relationship not experienced with her treatment was between Dr. Jason Posner. Vivians primary doctor Dr. Harvey Kelekian, Jason worked directly under him and always listened to his mentor and showed off what he learned in front of him. Addressing Kelekian the quizzes than regarding Vivians medicine options with the question ok, problem areas with Hex and Vin (Edson, 2012). Dr. Kelekian had pushed Jason to learn as much as he can, while also doing something beneficial to medicine. Dr. Jason was working on a research project and constructed on Vivian and the dedication to Dr. Kelekian, which his job was so strong that Jason did not realize how impersonal he was to his patient. Both doctors want to keep Vivian alive and didnt always take their individual desires and feelings into account when directly interacting with them. The play gives a visual context in comparison to the book, in which describes her as intellectual and challenged person. Thus, Vivian becomes emotional during the chemotherapy treatment. Additionally, Vivian has a Ph.D., and is a renowned professor of English who has spent years studying and teaching the brilliant, yet difficult metaphysical sonnets of John Donne. When Vivian was diagnosed with terminal ovarian cancer, her approach to the study has been aggressively getting worse. Comparison, of the book illustrates how the course of her illness could make a change in her life. In addition, her time at the hospital is as a prize patient at a major teaching hospital, Vivian comes to review her life and her work with a profound humor that are transformative both for her and for the audience. Thus, Vivian Bearing walks on the empty stage during the play, pushing her IV pole. She is fifty, tall and very thin, bare foot, and completely bald (Edson. p.7). Vivian describes herself in detail that she is dying and her ovarian cancer is progressively getting worse. Furthermore, she speaks with Dr. Kelekian and explains that the doctors are developing an experimental combination of drugs to help cure Vivians ovarian cancer, which is also a stage three that is moving into stage four. Thus, Dr. Kelekian then describes to Vivian that she must be very tough (Edson, p.12). Furthermore, the doctor stated that there are side effects and the treatment of chemotherapy would be good for her. The doctor than stated that she also has stage three and four metastatic ovarian cancers and there is no stage five. Furthermore, it appears to be a matter as the saying goes of life and death (Edson, p.13). Thus, Death be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so (Edson, p. 13). Vivian than explains that she is in isolation because she is being treated for cancer and her treatment imperils her health (Edson, p.39). Vivian also states that John Donne would revel in it, if he wrote a poem about it. She also stated that her students would flounder in it, because paradox is too difficult to understand (Edson, p.39). Every ambiguity, every shifting awareness could draw so much from the play. Now at the height of her powers, she grandly disconnects herself from the IV (Edson, p.40). Technicians remove the bed and hand her a pointer; The poetry of the early seventeenth century. What has been called the metaphysical school, considers an intractable mental puzzle by exercising the outstanding human faculty of the era, namely wit (Edson, p.40). The greatest Wit, the greatest English poet, some would say was John Donne. In the Holy Sonnets, Donne applied his capacious, agile Wit to the larger aspects of the human experience: life, death, and God (Edson, p.40). Susie than explains that the doctors like to save lives. Therefore, anything is okay, as long as life continues. It does not matter if you are hooked up to a million machines. Kelekian is a great researcher and everything like Jason has honor and wants to know more things. Susie than states that she can be full code, which means that if your heart stops, theyll call a Code Blue and the code team will come and resuscitate you and take you to Intensive Care until you stabilize again (Edson, 2012). Alternatively, you can be Do Not Resuscitate, so if your heart stops we will just let it; you will be DNR. You can think about it, but I wanted to present both choices before Kelekian and Jason talk to you (Edson, p.54). E.M. Ashford stated to Miss Bearing that you take this to lightly. Moreover, this is a metaphysical poetry, not the modern novel. In addition, The standards of scholarship and critical reading, which would apply to any other text, are simply enough for Vivian (Edson, 2012). Thus, the effort will total the results in a meaningful way of the sonnet, begins with a valiant struggle with death calling on all the forces of intellect, and vanquish the enemy (Edson, 2012). Additionally, it is ultimately about overcoming the seemingly in separable barriers separating life, death, and eternal life. At that moment, Vivian explains her death as a metaphysical conceit. Furthermore, Vivians former undergraduate student, Jason is trying casually to understand Vivian undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, Vivian Bearing, the main character from Margaret Edsons play Wit is not like those other teachers. She is tough and nonetheless does not care about her students and their many struggles (Wilson, 2004).Thus, Her only passion is for 17th century poetry, particularly the complex sonnets of John Donne (Edson, 2012). In some parts of the play, Dr. Kelekian seems sympathetic towards Vivian leading readers to believe that he is a morally sound character. However, at some points in the play Dr. Kelekian seems to discuss Vivian as a parent asking their child to handle an adult issue (Edson, 2012). Furthermore, the doctor knows how much pain she is going through, which Vivian will be in pain during the Hex and Vin treatments. Making sure that Vivian is trying to recognize the side effects of the treatment. In question, Dr. Kelekian invites knowledge to Vivian making her feel important, although the two doctors are completely different in subjects of doctorates, while Dr. Kelekian units himself as well as Vivian as educators showing his humanity towards her (Wilson, 2009). He is steadfast about Vivians chemotherapy treatment and does not consider Vivians opinions creating a wall between them. Moreover, as Vivian goes through series of tests and ways to treat her ovarian cancer, Vivian undergoes a series of tests and then knows the prognosis is not good. However, Vivian tries to overcome her fear of hospitalization to get better. Additionally she expresses her thoughts as being a teacher and scholar specializing in the holy sonnets of John Donne. Furthermore, Vivian tries to illuminate her achievements in the world of scholarship and show what happens to her as she receives treatment of aggressive chemotherapy for eight months. What Vivian is trying to perceive is the reality of her lifes experiences about how she will overcome the aggressive chemotherapy treatment. Thus, Vivian recalls her child hood with her father and takes a look back from her past of an counter with her graduate school professor, E.M. Ashford, after she decides that nothing will stop her from becoming a top-notch scholar (Edson, 2012). Furthermore, Jason tries to save Vivians life; in treating her cancer, Vivians chemotherapy weakens, the cancer starts to take full control of her body. The doctor is taking less and less notice of her, which she than relies on her nurse, who sees her suffering from the pain of her treatments. Furthermore, the nurse is kind to her and helps her decide, if she wants a DNR, which is do not resuscitate. Vivians enjoyment of Susies care and company, and affection were shown. Susies kindness also allowed Vivian to feel comfortable enough to finally open up about her real feelings of fear and confusion as she sorrowfully confided in her and said, I am scared (Edson, 2012). She than says how she do not feel sure of herself anymore, Vivian rests in peace with herself, as she dies. Thus, through the morally ambiguous character of Dr. Harvey Kelekian and Jason Posner, who tried to help Vivian to recognize the mistakes of the past and see that kindness is simple, nevertheless a powerful gesture (Edson, 2012). Vivian has strength and weaknesses that are exposed because of Susies own qualities, which helped her, emphasize how people are only capable of being who they are because of their experiences through their life. Vivian had educated, Susie had showed her some sense of weakness and she has been educated to the level it takes to be a nurse whereas, Vivian has gone beyond her own expectations. This shows that she has strength in knowledge of English literature and reveals the weakness of Susie being illiterate. Vivian than comes to terms and finally learns how to be compassionate on her last few months on earth due to her deathly illness and the way one person can affect another person. Though Vivian meets an unfortunate end in her life she than decides that the only resolution is peace. She exhibits her life and her final days to drive home a message of kindness and compassion, turning a sad ending to a happy conclusion. Margaret Edson utilizes Vivians flash backs not only to provide back ground of her life, but also provide evidence to her past actions and former passions. Leading to the audiences and understanding of her strive for knowledge and the lack of success without the human interaction to accompany her Wit. Vivian has viewpoints that the strength and the pride in her prestigious position, which maintained and would garner a fixed sense of fulfillment. She found that the simplicity of human kindness could have an impact greater than the answer she thought she had acquired from years of study. Life and death had beginnings and endings and people come in terms with the end of life, people make life more enjoyable and how they present their life. Work Cited: About.com Search Find it now!. About.com Search Find it now!. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. Givhan, Jennifer. Crossing The Language Barrier: Coalescing The Mind / Body Split And Embracing Kristevas Semiotic In Margaret Edsons Wit. Women Language 32.1 (2009): 77. Biography Keaveney, Madeline M. Death Be Not Proud: An Analysis of Margaret Edsons Wit. Women Language 27.1 (2004): 40. Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 13 Dec. 2012 Kristevas Semiotic In Margaret Edsons Wit. Women Language 32.1 (2009): 77. Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 13 Dec. 2012 What are fundamental themes found in Margaret Edsons short-drama, Wit. YoExpert.com | Education | Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.Education | Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec.  2012. What are fundamental themes found in Margaret Edsons short-drama, Wit. YoExpert.com | Education | Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. What are fundamental themes found in Margaret Edsons short-drama, Wit.  YoExpert.com | Education | Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 12  Dec.  2012.